minute n[pl]会议记录; 此时此刻; 立刻; vt.把…记录在案;为…测定时间

　　adj.极小的; 极少的;极详细的; 准确的, 精确的

　　Before the meeting started its work, the minutes of the last meeting were read out.

　　开会前先宣读了上次的会议记录。

　　At that very minute, he opened the door.就在那时候, 他打开了门。

　　There were minute differences between the two copies.这两册之间存在着微小的差别。

　　The doctor made a minute study of the illness.那个医生对病作了详细的研究。

　　He minuted the procedure of the meeting.他对会议议程做了记录。

　　She is minuting a race.她正为赛跑测时。

　　mischief make mischief挑拨离间She often made mischief between them. 她经常在他们之间挑拨离间。

　　miserable adj低劣的; 贫乏的He was born in a miserable family.他出身于一个贫困的家庭。

　　卑鄙的, 可耻的, 可恶的What a miserable old devil he was!他是多么可恶的吝啬鬼呀!

　　mist n视线模糊不清;vt. & vi.(使)蒙上薄雾, (使)模糊

　　She could hardly recognize her son through the mist of tears that filled her eyes.

　　泪水蒙蒙, 她几乎难以认出自己儿子。

　　It isn't raining, it's only misting.没下雨, 只是下雾了。

　　mob vt.聚众包围Fans mobbed the actor where he went.那位演员走到哪里, 影迷们都围着他。

　　modest adj (女性及其衣饰)端庄的;稳重的; 不太大(或多)的;适度的,有节制的

　　She wore a modest bathing suit. 她穿一件不太暴露的游泳衣。

　　Prices tended to rise year by year, but at a modest rate. 物价年年上涨,但幅度不大。

　　【真题例句】Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic

　　about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.【2004年阅读Txte3】

　　消费者貌似轻微关注，并没恐慌，而且许多人表示尽管他们在节制开支，他们对于经济前景还是乐观的。

　　mold/mould n类型, Women of her mold are easy to see through. 她那种性格的女人是很容易看穿的。

　　性格,气质We need more people of his mold. 我们需要更多他那种类型的人。

　　耕作土壤;松软沃土[U]Many wild flowers grow in the forest mold. 森林里的松软沃土上长着许多野花。

　　moment n时刻, 时机

　　Choose your moment carefully if you want to ask her for a pay rise.若你想要她给你加薪,你要小心选择时机。

　　monument n 里程碑不朽的业绩[著作]

　　The work is one of the great monuments of English literature.此作品是英国文学的不朽名作之一。

　　mortal adj不共戴天的, 你死我活的They are our mortal enemies.他们是我们不共戴天的仇敌。

　　极度的, 极大的We were in mortal terror of being found out.我们非常的害怕被发现。

　　motor vi.开[乘]汽车We motored over to Cambridge to see some friends.我们开车去剑桥看一些朋友。

　　vt.用汽车运送The foreign guests were motored from the airfield to the hotel.用车把外宾从机场送到旅馆。

　　a.[B] 马达的;机动的 a motor mower 机动割草机

　　汽车的 Both brothers work in the motor industry. 兄弟俩都从事汽车工业。

　　【解】运动的;运动神经的 The athlete has good motor coordination 那个运动员运动神经的整合很好。

　　mount vi.增加; 上升Social problems in modern society are mounting.现代社会问题日益增加。

　　vt.上演; 配有…It'll cost a great deal of money to mount the play.要上演这场戏得花很多钱。

　　发动攻击; 攻击The opposition is getting ready to mount a powerful attack on the government.

　　反对党已准备好对政府发动一次有力的攻击。

　　mug n容易受骗的人, 傻瓜I don't think some mug will buy his fake jewellery.我想没有哪个傻瓜会买他的假珠宝。

　　〈俚〉脸She's got a handsome mug.她有一张漂亮的脸蛋。

　　v(英，非正式)(在短时间内尽可能多地)学习(或补习)，苦学苦记;攻读

　　I'm constantly having to mug up things ahead of teaching them.我经常不得不在上课前攻读要讲的东西。

　　vt.对…行凶抢劫A lot of people won't go out at night for fear of being mugged.因怕遭行凶抢劫, 许多人在晚上不出门。

　　muscle n力量,实力[U]The party's political muscle is growing. 该党的政治力量在增强。

　　vi.[美俚]发挥膂力; 靠力气前进(through)muscle through a crowd用力挤过人群muscle in on a territory侵入领土

　　mushroom n如蘑菇般生长迅速的事物Birmingham is a mushroom.伯明翰是个迅猛发展的城市。

　　vi.迅速成长[发展]New housing estates have mushroomed on the edge of the town.城郊的新住宅发展十分迅速。

　　采蘑菇;成蘑菇状扩散The smoke mushroomed into the sky.烟呈蘑菇状升上天空。

　　mutual adj共同的, 共有的She is our mutual friend.她是我们共同的朋友。

　　nail n[口]抓住, 捕获; [美俚]击中We finally nailed the thief. 最后，我们把小偷抓住了。

　　vt揭露; 侦查出; 发觉目不转睛地盯住, 使(注意力等)集中于

　　It did not take us long to nail that lie. 没多久，我们就把谎言揭穿了。

　　Mr. Hunter kept his eyes nailed on the car in front of his. 亨特先生目不转睛地盯着他前面一辆车子。

　　narrow adj勉强的; He was elected chairman by a narrow margin.他以微弱的多数当选为主席。

　　险胜的 a narrow escape from death九死一生Have a narrow escape; have a close escape 千钧一发;幸免

　　精细的,严密的a narrow search严密的搜查

　　vt.使变窄;限制;缩小(范围等)[(+down)]The scholar narrowed his interest to Tang poetry. 这学者的兴趣局限于唐诗。

　　vi.(使)变窄The river narrows at this point.河在这里变窄了。

　　nasty adj严重的; 危险的; 造成痛苦的She got a nasty knock on the head when she fell.她跌倒时头部受到严重碰撞。

　　危险的He had a nasty look in his eye.他目露凶光。This is a nasty corner.这个拐角是事故多发的地方。

　　native go native [fan tee] (在殖民地的欧洲人)采取当地人的生活方式, 过当地人生活

　　The tourists decided to go native and sample the local cuisine.观光客们决定过一下土人生活并品尝当地佳肴。

　　natural adj私生的[Z][B]生身的[Z][B] 合乎常情的;正常的

　　It's only natural that you should be nervous. 你感到紧张是很自然的

　　n.非常适合或肯定成功的人或事物She is the natural for this job.她是做这项工作的理想人选。

　　naughty adj令人震惊或者企图令人震惊;猥亵的,淫乱的Nice boys do not use naughty words.好孩子不说下流话。

　　neat adj (酒)纯的, 不掺水的I like my whiskey neat.我喜欢喝纯威士忌酒。

　　工整的;匀称的,样子好的She had small, neat writing. 她的字写得小而工整。

　　熟练的;灵巧的;有效率的She is a neat worker. 她做事干净利落。

　　need n贫穷;困窘;危急[U] My neighbors helped me in my time of need. 我的邻居在我困难的日子帮了我忙。

　　needle n讽刺的言论; 刺激,煽动Joe needled the boys into a fight. 乔用话挑动男孩打架。

　　(因竞争而产生的)仇隙[U]A certain amount of needle has crept into this game.比赛双方逐渐产生了敌意。

　　注射;打针 She was given a needle for whooping cough.她因为患百日咳被打了一针。

　　negotiate vt【经】议价出卖;转让;议付;兑现; 通过, 跳过(障碍)

　　The car negotiated the sharp curve by slowing down.该车减速驶过急转弯。

　　nerve vt.给(身体或道义上的)力量; 使有勇气, 振奋She nerves herself for the struggle.她鼓起勇气准备斗争。

　　n (力量, 行动等)中枢, 核心, 主要部分Banks are the nerves of commerce.银行是商业的中心。

　　勇敢,胆量;沉着,镇定[U]It takes a bit of nerve to transport explosives. 运输炸药要有点胆量。

　　net vt净得, 净赚It netted us a handsome profit.这为我们净赚了一大笔利润。

　　adj纯净的,纯的,净值的The net profit amounts to twenty dollars per ton of ore. 每吨矿石的净利为二十美元。

　　最终的What was the net conclusion after all that discussion? 讨论了那么长时间,最终结论是什么呢?

　　nice adj细微的,精细的The nice distinction in appearance between the twins did not escape him.

　　这对双胞胎外貌上的细微差异没有逃过他的注意。

　　noble adj雄伟的Niagara falls is a noble sight.尼亚加拉瀑布是一壮观的景色。

　　nobody n.小人物, 无足轻重的人

　　He is a mere nobody, and it is mere a matter of time for people to recognize him.

　　他只不过是个小人物, 要大家认清这一点只是时间问题。

　　noise vt. 纷纷传说;谣传[H][(+about/abroad/around)]

　　It was noised about that the foreign minister intended to resign. 外界传说外交部长打算辞职。

　　norm n 定额There’s a production norm below which each worker must not fall. 每个工人必须完成生产定额。

　　nose n突出的部分;尖端;船头;机头[C]She pointed the nose of the car towards home. 她开车回家。

　　嗅觉[S]Reporters have a good nose for news. 记者对新闻有很强的觉察力。

　　(对与己无关之事的)探问;干预[C]Keep your nose out of my affairs. 别管我的事。

　　vi.窥探, 探听, 四处查看The secret has been nosed.秘密被探听到了。

　　vt. & vi.小心翼翼地前进The little boat nosed carefully between the rocks.小船在岩石间谨慎地缓慢航行。

　　note n暗示, 含义The book ended on an optimistic note.该书的结尾寓意乐观。

　　注意,注目;注意到[+(that)][+wh-]Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意本帐单必须10日内付款。

　　提到,指明He noted the importance of the problem in his lecture. 他在讲座中着重提到这一问题的重要性。

　　nothing n.无关紧要的人[事]

　　She is an interesting person but her husband is a real nothing.她是个十分有趣的人, 但她的丈夫真就不及她了。

　　novel adj.新奇的; 新颖的; 新的

　　He has a novel proposal of his own for meeting unemployment.他想出了一条独特的对付失业问题的新建议。

　　【真题例句】When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to determine its purposes. 【2000年阅读Txte3】

　　当一种新的文学样式出现的时候，人们应该努力去确定其目的。

　　nourish vt保持, 增长(情绪等)He's been nourishing the hope of a trip abroad.他一直怀着出国旅行的愿望。

　　numb vt.使失去感觉, 使冻僵He was numbed with grief.他因悲伤而昏迷了。

　　adj.麻木的, 失去感觉的; 冻僵了的(with); 钝的numb with cold冻僵a numb hand[俚]蠢物

　　nurse vi喂, 吃奶The baby is nursing at its mother's breasts.那孩子正在吃妈妈的奶。

　　养育者;起源[(+of)]Town life is the nurse of civilization. 城市生活是文明的摇篮。

　　vt怀有,抱着(想法等); 培养;培育;精心料理;悉心照料

　　He nursed the dream of becoming a great writer. 他抱有成为大作家的梦想。

　　He nursed the house plants through a long winter. 在漫长的冬季他一直精心照料室内盆栽植物。

　　nursery n苗圃;养鱼场;动物繁殖场We bought a small tree at the nursery. 我们在苗圃买了一棵小树。

　　温床;滋生地Their extensive fishing trade was an excellent nursery for seamanship 他们广泛的渔业贸易是航海技术的一个良好的养成所。

　　observation n言论, 评论, 意见He made valuable observations on the prices.他对物价问题提出了宝贵的意见。

　　observe vt遵守; 遵循They faithfully observed the rules.他们忠实地遵守规则。

　　评论[述]; 讲He observed that the house seemed to be too small.他说那房子似乎小了一点儿。

　　obtain vi(.指规则、习俗)通行; 流行The custom still obtains in some districts.这种风俗在某些地方仍然流行。

　　occasion n特殊场合; 庆典I only wear a tie on special occasions.我只有在特殊的场合才系领带。

　　原因, 理由There was no occasion to do so.没有理由这样做。

　　vt.惹起, 引起Who occasioned his anger?谁惹他生气?

　　occupation n消遣Reading is a useful occupation to us.阅读对我们是一种有益的消遣。

　　odd/odds adj.临时的，不固定的 【近义词】temporary

　　【真题例句】 Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of

　　data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s

　　agenda in businesses of every variety.【2007年阅读Text4】

　　信息保护过去一直是临时的、低级的信息技术员的工作，并且只被诸如银行、电信、航空这类拥有大量

　　数据的行业所关注，而现在却高高列在各行业老板的日程表上。

　　adj奇数的，不成对的 【反义词】even 【例】an odd shoe.一只不成对的鞋

　　odds. n.可能性，概率

　　【真题例句】 Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weakelderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

　　【2007年阅读Text3】

　　甚至人口统计数据都对中产阶级家庭产生不利，家庭中出现一个年老体衰的父(母)亲——以及随之而来的压力和经济援助的需求——的几率在一代人的时间里增加了八倍。

　　offer n供应; 报价I am open to an offer.我愿考虑买主的出价。

　　oil vt贿赂 How dare you oil the judge! 你怎么竟敢向法官行贿!

　　on prep在...时候; ...之后立即He jumped with joy on hearing the news. 他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。

　　是...的成员He is on the school volleyball team. 他是校排球队的队员。

　　opening n空缺, 缺额There are no openings for secretaries at the bank at present.现在银行里没有秘书空缺。

　　机会,好时机[C]good openings for business 做生意的大好时机

　　operate vi 作战;突袭The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders. 边防军不得不对入侵敌人作战。

　　巡逻 Police speed traps are operating on this motorway.这条高速公路上有警察的汽车超速监视区。

　　operation n军事行动,作战[C][P1]The general was in command of operations in the north.

　　将军负责指挥北方的作战行动。

　　交易,买卖[C][P1]He continued his operations in cotton futures. 他继续进行棉花期货交易。

　　operator n 行为有某种特点的人He is a smooth operator.他是个滑头。

　　opinion n舆论One shouldn't act without caring for public opinion.一个人的行为不能不顾及舆论。

　　专业性的鉴定, 劝告The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting.

　　博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。

　　oppress vt.使烦恼Many troubles oppressed my father.种种困难使我父亲意志消沉。

　　option n附件, 配件The car includes air-conditioning among its options.这辆汽车的配件中包括空调设备。

　　买卖选择权, 期权Jones has taken an option on shares in the company.琼斯已获得那家公司股票的期权。

　　orbit n势力范围;活动范围;知识范围[C][U]

　　They knew each other by sight, but their orbits did not touch. 他们见面认识,但各自的生活圈子互不搭界。

　　organ n新闻媒体, 宣传工具; 机关报[杂志] ;风琴;机构

　　This paper is the official organ of the Socialist Party.这份报纸是社会党的正式机关报。

　　He played a beautiful tune on the organ.他用风琴演奏出一支动听的曲子。

　　Parliament is an organ of government.议会是政府的一个机构。

　　organic n 沃土;不用化肥或农药生产的;

　　adj有组织的The organic unity of the integral work of art.完整艺术作品各方面的有机统一。

　　持续发展的，自然发展的Companies expand as much by acquisition as by organic growth.

　　公司的扩大是自然发展的结果也是收购的结果。

　　organism n有机体系The army is an extremely complex organism.军队是一个极其复杂的组织。

　　ounce n〈口〉少量; 一点儿He has used up the last ounce of oil.他已用完最后一滴油。

　　outfit n集体; 组织He works in a small publishing outfit.他在一家小型出版单位工作。

　　outlet n 代销店The shoe manufacturer had several outlets.那家制鞋厂商有几家代销店。

　　outstanding adj未偿付的, 未解决的The outstanding bill must be paid next week.这笔未偿还的账下周必须还清。

　　overhead n.(企业的)经费Heavy overheads reduced his profits.经费开支大因而减少了他的利润。

　　overall adv.大体上, 总的来说Overall, prices are still rising.总的说来, 价格仍在上涨。

　　一切包括在内, 全部的How much will it cost overall?一共多少钱?

　　pace n 进展或发展的速度The work progressed at a slow pace.这工作进展缓慢。

　　性能The test pilots put the new planes through their paces.试验飞行员表演新型飞机的性能。

　　package vt包装Those chocolates have been packaged very attractively.那些巧克力包装得很吸引人。

　　n一整套东西, 一揽子交易They are trying to put together a package that will end the dispute.

　　他们力图搞一揽子交易结束这场争论。

　　packet n大笔款项That car cost me a packet.那辆小汽车花了我一大笔钱。

　　pad n发射台The helicopter was hovering about 100 meter above the pad.直升机在离发射台一百米的上空盘旋。

　　They padded the seat of the chair with horse-hair to make it soft. 他们往椅子的坐垫里填塞马鬃以使之柔软。

　　paddle n涉水, 玩水They liked to watch the children paddling in the stream.他们喜欢看孩子们在小溪中玩水。

　　pain n[pl]劳苦, 辛劳, 烦劳My pains have been rewarded.我的努力已得到报偿。

　　pale vi.变得苍白, 失色, 变得暗淡He paled at the sight of the blood.他一看见血就脸色发白。

　　beyond the pale在…范围之外不为人接受或不恰当的

　　Those remarks he made were quite beyond the pale. 他说的那些话太出圈了。

　　pan pan out证明(是),结果(是);成功My plan to study at Harvard didn't pan out. 我进哈佛大学就读的计划没成功。

　　Nobody knew how the things would pan out. 没人知道事情结果将会怎样。

　　pant vi渴望[(+for/after)]

　　Can't you see she is panting for a part in the new play? 你难道看不出她渴望在新戏中扮演一个角色吗?

　　paper n试卷The geography paper was difficult.地理试题很难。

　　[pl]文件; 文章, 论文;名单

　　Assemble your papers and put them in the file.把你的文件归拢放在这个文件夹内。

　　My paper consists of ten pages.我的论文共10页。

　　【真题例句】 Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

　　工作面试的最后名单，投票选举名单，与会发言人和参加者名单......往往都是按照字幕的先后顺序

　　制作的，等到拿着这些名单的人费尽地从头到尾时，他们早已失去了兴趣。【2004年阅读Text2】

　　parade vt.展示; 炫耀He is parading his knowledge.他在炫耀他的知识。

　　paragraph n短篇报道There's a paragraph on the matter in the paper.报纸对这件事有一短篇报道。

　　vt写短文报道There's a paragraph on the accident in the local paper.当地报纸对该事故写有一短篇报道。

　　将...分段This version is better paragraphed than that one.这个版本比那个版本分段分得好。

　　parallel adj. parallel to与…类似n.类似，相似物

　　【真题例句】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to

　　the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 【2007年翻译】

　　另一方面这一科学把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相似的。

　　【真题例句】There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 现在出现了令人忧虑的类似景象。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到

　　全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。【2005年阅读Text2】

　　parameter n界限[P1]范围

　　There is plenty of scope for experimentation, provided we remain within the parameters of the budget.

　　只要我们不超过预算界限,可以试验的方面是很多的。

　　Spend by each department have to fall within certain parameter.

　　每个部门的开支必须属于确定的范围之内。

　　parasite n靠他人为生的人

　　I don't want to be a parasite.I must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫,我要自己养活自己。

　　particular adj过于讲究的, 苛求的, 挑剔的

　　She is so particular about her housework that servants will not work for her.

　　她对家务活太挑剔了, 以致于佣人们不愿给她干活。

　　详细的, 详尽的This is a particular account of the accident.这是一份全面而详尽的事故报告。

　　n.[pl]详情; 细目Your mother must be anxious to know the particulars.你的母亲一定急于了解详情。

　　partner vt.做…的搭档She partnered me at the dance.她在舞会上做我的舞伴。

　　party n一方, 当事人The parties to the dispute should be more polite to each other.争执双方应相互礼貌些。

　　passage n(法案等的)通过[U]Passage of the bill depends on public support. 这一法案的通过依靠公众的支持。

　　passenger n 工作差劲的人闲人This firm can’t afford passenger.这家商行养不起闲人。

　　passport n手段, 保障He views boxing as his passport out of poverty.他把拳击看作自己摆脱贫困的手段。

　　达到某种目的的手段, 敲门砖The only passport to success is hard work.获得成功的唯一保障就是努力工作。

　　pat adj 非常恰当的;适时的This is a pat answer. 这是妥贴的回答。

　　过分巧合的,不自然的His explanation was too pat to be convincing. 他的解释巧得令人难以置信。

　　His excuse was too pat for us to believe. 他的理由来的太巧合,令我们很难相信。

　　熟练的,滚瓜烂熟的,陈腔烂调的

　　A pat answer is not going to satisfy an inquisitive audience. 陈腔烂调的答案不能满足好奇的听众。

　　坚定的,不屈服的 stand up

　　adv. 非常恰当地;适时地;立即Her answer came pat. 她立即回答。

　　熟练地;滚瓜烂熟地The little boy recited the text pat. 那小男孩流利地背诵了这篇课文。

　　patch n[C] 【英】警察巡逻区;管辖区He knows every house in his patch.他熟悉他管区内的每一所房屋。

　　厄运;不幸;困难遭遇Our firm has just struck a bad patch. 我公司刚遭厄运。

　　vt暂时解决(分歧,争端等); 拼凑,匆匆制成

　　We decided to patch up our differences and become friends again. 我们决定消除分歧,重归于好。

　　They patched up a hasty peace. 他们匆匆达成和平协议。

　　patent adj公开的, 明显的It is patent to all that this is a good chance.大家都明白这是一个好机会。

　　pathetic adj 无用的，无成功的希望企图;可鄙的表演(借口) You are pathetic!你真没用!

　　pattern vt.模仿She patterned herself after her mother.她模仿她的母亲。

　　仿制They patterned a new machine.他们仿制了一种新机器。

　　pave the way为...铺路Such opinions pave the way for social change. 这种主张为社会变革铺路。

　　payment n报答, 报偿We'd like you to accept this picture in payment for your kindness.我们奉上此画聊表谢意。

　　peach n[俚]漂亮的女子; 好人; She's a real peach..她真是个美人。

　　极好的东西; That was a peach of a shot.那个镜头太美妙了!

　　受人喜欢的人[物] He is a peach to work with.他是易于共事的人。

　　peak vi.达到高峰, 达到最大值Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and are now decreasing.

　　玩具销售额在圣诞节前夕达到最高峰, 现已逐渐下降。

　　peanut n[c] 【俚】无甚价值之物;小数额[P]

　　In terms of cash outlay, the sum is peanuts. 从花费来看,这笔钱乃区区小数。

　　pearl n 珍品;杰出的人物She is a pearl among women.她是女中的英杰。

　　pedestrian adj (作品风格等)缺乏想象力的; 平淡的; 单调的, 平常的; 陈腐的

　　The circumstances and events of his life were anything but pedestrian. 他一生经历的事是很不平常的。

　　peep vi隐现, 慢慢露出A crescent moon peeped out from behind the clouds.一弯新月从云中出现。

　　penetrate vt 懂得并发现He penetrated our thoughts.他看穿了我们的心思。

　　被懂得被理解The new idea didn't penetrate. 那个新概念没有被弄懂。

　　(感情等)深入于,打动[H][(+with)]The whole country is penetrated with fear. 全国一片深陷恐惧。

　　了解;洞察[+wh-]I could not penetrate the mystery. 我不能洞察这个秘密。

　　performance n性能, 工作情况;不必要的麻烦

　　Are you satisfied with the performance of your new car?你对你新车的性能满意吗?

　　He goes through the whole performance of checking the oil and water every time he drives the car. 他每次开汽车都总是不厌其烦地把油和水整个检查一遍。

　　丢脸的事;不光彩的事What a performance the child made!那孩子干了一件多丢脸的事情啊!

　　persecute vt困扰,为难In summer many people are persecuted by mosquitoes. 夏天,许多人受到蚊子的骚扰。

　　persuasion n信念;信仰[S1][+(that)];宗教或政治的信仰

　　It is my persuasion that such people should not be allowed to enter this country.

　　我确信这种人不应被允许进入我们的国家。

　　He is not of their (religious ) persuasion.他不属于他们的(宗教)派别。

　　phase vt.分阶段计划

　　The modernization of the industry was phased over at 20-year period.工业现代化分20年逐步实现。

　　phase in逐步引入They have decided to phase in the new techniques. 他们已决定逐步引入新技术。

　　phase out逐步淘汰, 逐步结束The machine has been phased out.这种机器早已过时了。

　　phenomenon n特殊的人[事物]

　　Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians.贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。

　　International terrorism is not just a recent phenomenon. 国际恐怖主义并不是近年才有的特殊事件。

　　philosopher n豁达的人You are a philosopher.你真想得开

　　If you've had as much trouble as I've had in my life, you need to be a bit of a philosopher.

　　如果你像我在生活中吃过同样多的苦头, 那么你就得做个豁达的人。

　　philosophy n人生哲学人生观I can't sum up his whole philosophy in one sentence.我无法用一句话来概括他的全部人生观。

　　达观The philosophy of them during their worst sufferings impressed even their captors.

　　他们在最困苦时仍处之泰然, 连捉住他们的人都深有感触。

　　picture vt.绘画; 描绘The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor vividly.演讲者很生动地描述了穷人的生活。

　　想像He could picture all too easily the consequences of being caught.他能很容易地想像被抓住的后果。

　　piece vt.凑合; 凑成 【真题例句】Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of

　　key breakthroughsand discoveries to take place. 【2001年翻译】

　　皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重破和发现的最迟日期。

　　pierce vt响彻A sharp cry pierced the night air.一声尖叫响彻夜空。

　　打动, 感动; His heart was pierced with grief.他伤透了心。

　　pine vi.消瘦, 憔悴; 痛苦She certainly hasn't been pining while you were away!你不在的时候她可并不难受。

　　渴望She is pining to travel abroad.她渴望去国外旅行。

　　pink adj略带左翼政治观点的The pink parties won seat in Parliament.左翼党派赢得了议会席位。

　　面红耳赤的;激动的;愤怒的 She went pink with shame. 她羞得满脸微红。

　　最佳状态; He is in the pink of health. 他精神好极了。

　　典型,化身[the S] He is the pink of diligence. 他是勤奋的典范。

　　pioneer vt.开拓, 开发, 创始This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。

　　vi. 当先驱,成为开拓者[(+in)]The Wright brothers pioneered in early aviation. 莱特兄弟是早期航空的先驱。

　　pipe vt.以管输送They piped oil yesterday.昨天他们用管道输送石油。

　　传送Nearly all the shops have piped music.差不多所有的商店都连续播放有线广播的音乐。

　　吹哨子下令(表示欢迎)The admiral was piped aboard.海军上将在欢迎他的哨子声中登舰。

　　滚边, 镶花边He piped “Happy Birthday” on the cake.他在蛋糕上镶上了“生日快乐”的字样。

　　vt. & vi.用笛子吹奏; 鸣啭, 唱He piped so that we could dance.他吹笛子伴奏好让我们跳舞。

　　pitch n颠簸The pitch of the ship threw the passengers off balance.轮船上下颠簸, 使乘客失去了平衡。

　　斜度, 坡度The roof has a sharp pitch.这屋顶很陡。

　　商贩摊位, 艺人表演场地He has a pitch on the High Street where he sells souvenirs他大街上有个卖纪念品的摆摊处。

　　推销商品的话He has a very clever sales pitch.他推销商品的口才很好。

　　音调, 音高;程度; 强度; 高度

　　Her voice has a very high pitch.她说话声调很高。

　　Disagreement reached such a pitch that we thought a fight would break out.意见分歧达到我们以为会争吵起来的程度。

　　vt.投, 掷, 扔He was pitching the ball.他正在投球。

　　为…定音调This song is pitched too high for my voice.对我的嗓子来说, 这首歌定得音太高了。

　　用人们易懂的方式表述He pitched his speech so that even the children could understand.

　　他带着一种特殊的表情讲话, 以便孩子们能听懂。

　　vt. & vi.搭(帐篷), 扎(营)They pitched at the foot of the mountain.他们在山脚下扎营。

　　(使)突然向前倒下His foot caught in a rock and he pitched forwards.他的脚被岩石绊了一下, 身子就朝前倒下。

　　vi.颠簸The ship pitched and rolled and many passengers were sick.那轮船颠簸摇晃, 很多乘客头晕恶心。

　　向下倾斜The roof of this house pitches sharply.这房子的屋顶倾斜度很大。

　　place vt投(资);存(款);开出(订单)I placed an order with them for 500 pairs of shoes. 我向他们定购了五百双鞋子。

　　(常用在疑问句、否定句中)看清,想起[(+as)]

　　I remember her name but can't place her face. 我记得她的名字,但记不清她的脸了。

　　寄托(希望), 给予(信任) His father placed great hopes on [in] him.他的父亲对他寄于很大希望。

　　评价, 分类My son's income can probably be placed as ￡5000 a year.我儿子的年收入估计达5000英镑。

　　列为 I would place her among the world’s greatest sopranos.我把她列为世界上最伟大的女高音歌唱家。

　　plague vt. 折磨, 使苦恼, 使得灾祸A severe back injury plagued him all his life. 严重的背伤终身折磨着他。

　　plant n重型机械, 机械设备They have made a huge investment in new plant.他们投入巨资购置新设备。

　　vt放置; 安插They must have planted many explosives there.他们一定在这里埋了很多炸药。

　　[俚]给与打击, (拳击)看准打plant one's fists in sb.'s face用拳头打某人的脸

　　plant in 把…灌输给…Whatever planted that idea in your head?究竟是谁把那个念头灌输到你的脑子里?

　　plaster vt 在...上涂灰泥;厚厚地涂抹[(+over/with)]My shoes were plastered with mud. 我鞋上沾满烂泥。

　　These rough places on the wall could be plastered over.可以在墙上这些毛糙的地方涂上灰泥。

　　粘贴;贴满[(+on/with)]He plastered his room with pictures of actors and actresses.

　　他在他房间里贴满了男女演员的照片。

　　掩饰;使过分承受[(+with)]They tried to plaster over the differences. 他们试图掩盖分歧。

　　【俚】(彻底)击败;重创Our football team really got plastered last week. 我们的足球队上星期遭到惨败。

　　plastic n〈口〉信用卡Nowadays we can use plastic instead of cash in many places buying things.

　　如今在许多场所都可以用信用卡代替现金来购买物品。

　　plateau n[C](上升后)的稳定水平(或时期) 停滞不前时期

　　In the seventies the U.S. space program seemed to have reached a plateau of development.

　　七十年代美国的宇宙空间计划似乎发展到了一个较高的水平。

　　Sales have now reached a plateau. 销售现已开始停滞不前。

　　platform n纲领; 政纲; 宣言He is running for mayor on a platform of low taxation.他以低税收为纲领竞选市长。

　　plunge n.投身入水John felt refreshed after a quick plunge in the lake.在湖中游了一会儿泳后, 约翰感到精神振奋。

　　猛跌, 骤降The sky diver had a plunge of more than 10, 000 feet before his parachute opened.

　　那个跳伞运动员坠落了一万多英尺, 他的降落伞才打开。

　　take the plunge 采取重大步骤;采取断然行动;

　　They have finally decided to take the plunge and get married. 他们最终毅然决定结婚。

　　冒险尝试He decided to take the plunge. 他决定冒险尝试。

　　plus adj附加的,称心的,有利的;比所示数量多的

　　Her previous experience in social work is a plus factor.她先前在社会工作方面的经验是一个有利的因素。

　　All the children here are 12 plus.这里的孩子都是12岁以上的。

　　n好处;有利因素[(+for)]

　　His new job has several pluses, one of which is a large salary. 他的新工作有几个好处,其中之一是薪水高。

　　police vt管辖, 管制; 统治The army policed the conquered city.军队管制这个被占领的城市。

　　policy n保险单It is advisable to read the small print on your policy.读一下保险单上的附属细则是明智的。

　　polish n优美,完善[U]Four years of college gave her considerable polish. 四年的大学教育使她更加完美。

　　pool vt(为共同目的)合出(资金,物资,想法等);合办,联营;集中…共同使用; 共用

　　If we pool our ideas, we may be able to produce a really good plan. 如果我们集思广益,我们也许能订个完善的计划。

　　We pooled our savings and bought a desk-top computer. 我们用积蓄合资买了一架台式电脑。

　　n共同储金; 共用物; 共用人员He is disappointed with the pool car.他对这部公用汽车感到失望。

　　(液体等的)一滩, 一片The body was lying in a pool of blood.尸体躺在血泊中。

　　port n. (船,飞机的)左舷[U]The damaged ship was leaning over to port. 损坏的船向左舷倾斜

　　举止, 态度; 含义意义姿势, 样子持枪姿势The soldier carried his rifle at port. 那士兵双手斜持步枪。

　　vt.持枪Port arms![口令]持枪!

　　portion vt.把…分成份额, 分配They portioned the food out to the poor.他们将食物分发给穷人。

　　n命运,定数[U] We must all accept our portion in life. 我们都得安于天命。

　　立场;见解;形势Before the debate, both sides made their positions clear. 辩论之前，双方都把自己的观点说清楚。

　　He made a study of the position of the middle class in Britain. 他研究过英国中产阶级的状况。

　　【真题例句】It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. 【2003年阅读Txte3】

　　这种理论得到了许多经济学家的认同，但实际上是，它常使铁路公司处于决定哪家公司盈利哪家公司亏损的位置。

　　possibility n发展前途,潜在价值[P]He is a man of possibilities. 他是一个有发展前途的人。

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