(三)过去完成时(Past Perfect Tense)

　　1. 表示过去某时刻以前发生和完成的动作，即过去的过去，常用于主从复合句中。

　　例句： She felt suitably humble just as she had when he had first taken a good look at her city self，hair waved and golden，nails red and pointed. (2001年第4题)

　　分析： 该句是复合句。when引导的时间状语从句用的是过去完成时，所以主句只能用过去的时态;由于主句用的是一般过去时felt，那么其时间状语应用过去完成时，即 as后的完整形式应是as she had felt。

　　译文： 她举止谦逊、得体，就像他当初见到她时她所表现的那样： 金黄色的卷发，尖尖的红指甲。

　　例句： Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. (选自2007年Use of English)

　　分析： 该句是复合句。he liberated是修饰the areas的定语，在从句前省略了作宾语的关系 代词which或that。

　　译文： 玻利瓦尔接受过海地的援助，作为同报，他承诺在解放的地区废除奴隶制。

　　2. 用于hardly...when， scarcely...when(before)， no sooner...than(刚一……就)句型中。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，句子结构要倒装。

　　例句： No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest.

　　Hardly had the teacher entered the classroom when the pupils were in absolute silence. (be in absolute silence可译为“鸦雀无声”)

　　3. 用于虚拟语气条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设。

　　例句： I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week. (1997年第4题)

　　分析： 该句是并列复合句。had it been at all possible是省略了if的倒装句，完整形式应为 if it had been...;本句but前是一个非真实条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。

　　译文： 如果有一点可能的话，我都会到医院去看望他，但我上个礼拜整个一周都没有空。

　　4.动词hope，expect，think，intend，want，mean，suppose，plan，believe等用于过去完成 时，表示未实现的希望、意图、计划等。

　　例句： Mr. Pelkmans is not among those who had believed that the ECs single market is threatened by the doubt building over Europes continued integration.

　　分析： 该句是复合句。定语从句who had believed...修饰those;that the ECs single market is threatened...作believed的宾语;分词短语building over...作定语修饰the doubt。

　　译文： 有些人原以为对促进欧洲持续整合怀有的疑虑会威胁到欧共体的统一市场，佩尔克斯曼先生并不这么认为。

　　注意： 当连词after指明两个过去动作的时间先后顺序时，after从句中可用过去完成时，也可用一般过去时;在连词when引导的从句中，有时过去完成时与一般过去时可以互换使用;当before用作连词引导从句时，主句中过去完成时与一般过去时也可互换使用。

　　例句: Julia left the room after she had turned off (turned off) the light.

　　When the teacher had left (left) the room, the pupils started talking.

　　Before he entered college, he had served (served) in the army.

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