先请看下面两句话：

1. Running home from school, a dog bit me.

2. When only a child, my father took me to the circus.

上面两句话第一眼看上去貌似正确，而且它们也的确符合汉语的表达思维。

第一句字面意思是“从学校跑回家，一条狗咬了我。”

第二句的意思是“当还是小孩的时候，我爸爸带我去马戏团。”

But，在英语中，这两句表达都不正确。

按照英语文法的规则，这类句子中的后半段第一个词应该是前半句的实施方。

请看例句：

1. Looking at his watch, Mr. Jones got up and left. 是Mr. Jones 看了手表。

2. Compared to his father, John is a tall man. 是John 和他父亲做比较。

这种由逗号分开的前半句叫introductory phrase, 后面半句叫做main clause，在语法中被称为Dangling modifiers---前半句和后半部分的主语是同一个。

遵循这个规则，那文章开头的两句应该改为：

1. Running home from school, I was bitten by a dog. 是我从学校回去。

2. When only a child, I was taken to the circus by my father. 是我小时候。

这类句子貌似简单，但是在日常学生写作中，错误却非常频繁。以下几个写错的例子都是来自学生作文，后面是对它们的修改。

1. Playing in the street, a truck hit a child.

2. To understand the subject, a great deal of studying must be done.

3. Sitting alone in his room, a strange noise frightened him.

上面三句话建议改写如下：

1. Playing inthe street, the child was hit by the truck.

2. To understand the subject, one must do a great deal of studying.

3. Sitting alone in his room, he was frightened by the strange noise.

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