从实战做题的角度而言，梳理文章的主线框架有两个好处，一是有利于解答主旨题。二是在做细节题时，方便运用大纲进行定位，避免 " 混 " 的错误答案。

　　我们可以根据文章类型来整理主线框架。

　　GMAT阅读的文段基本是学术类文段，大致可以分为以下几种类型：

　　一是纯观点类。其中又包括单观点类和多观点类。对于单观点类文章，在梳理框架时，需要注意论证过程，比如在论证过程中使用了几个核心论据，把这几个核心论据找出来，文章的框架也就整理完成了。对于多观点类的文章，首先要把文章中所有的核心观点整理出来，之后如果还有余力，再去整理每一个观点下的论据。

　　二是纯现象类。此类文章需要注意文章中描述了哪几个主要现象，把这些现象找出来即可。

　　三是现象-观点类。此类文章在GMAT阅读中出现的较多，对于此类文章，首先要区分现象和观点，其次再对观点部分进行细化梳理，有几个核心观点，每一个观点之下又是否有几个论据。

　　接下来我们用一篇文章为例，来说明主线框架的整理。

　　例文：

　　Acting on the recommendation of a British government committee investigating the high incidence in white lead factories of illness among employees, most of whom were women, the Home Secretary proposed in 1895 that Parliament enact legislation that would prohibit women from holding most jobs in white lead factories. Although the Women's Industrial Defence Committee (WIDC), formed in i892 inresponse to earlier legislative attempts torestrict women's labor, did not discount the white lead trade's potential health dangers, it opposed the proposal, viewing it as yet another instance of limiting women's work opportunities. Also opposing the proposal was the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women (SPEW), which attempted to challenge it by investigating the causes ofillness in white lead factories.

　　SPEW contended,and WIDC concurred, that controllable conditions in such factories were responsible for the development of lead poisoning.SPEW provided convincing evidence that lead poisoning could be avoided if workers were careful and clean and if already extant workplace safety regulation swere stringently enforced. However, the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), which had ceased in the late 1880s to oppose restrictions on women's labor, supported theeventually enacted proposal, in part because safety regulations were generally not being enforced in white lead factories, where there were no unions (and little prospectof any) to pressure employers to comply with safety regulations.

　　分析

　　通读全文之后我们发现，在文章类型上，这是一篇现象-观点类的文章。

　　首先，我们要区分现象和观点。除了文章的首句之外，文章的其余部分基本属于他人观点，我们从discount、oppose、view、contend这些含有观点意味的词可以看出来。其次，找出文章有几个核心观点，这一步比较简单，我们发现文章中有三个" 人物 "，即WIDC\SPEW\WTUL这三个组织，他们分别表达了自己的观点，所以文章有三个核心观点。

　　那么文章的最终框架整理如下：文章的首句是一个事实现象，讲述了一件事情，即内政大臣(Home Secretary)提出了一项提议(proposal)。接下来出现了三方观点对于这项提议的态度，它们分别对于这项提议持有支持或者赞同的态度，并且分别给出了自己的理由。

　　文章脉络图如下：

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