新东方老师好

新东方网>长春新东方学校>国内考试>考研考试>正文

2019考研英语语法解析:复合句

2018-05-17 09:41

来源:新东方在线

作者:

  5. whose引导的定语从句

  whose在所引导的定语从句中作定语,既可代表人也可代表物。

  例句: We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or ecommerce engines within that environment. (选自2011年Text 3)

  分析: 该句是复合句。whose traffic is so strong that other organizations...是一个定语从句,修饰media;结果状语从句so strong that other organizations place...在句中充当表语。

  译文: 我们把这种出售媒体定义为一种自有媒体,这种媒体的流量很大,因此其他机构也将其广告内容或电子商务引擎置于它的网络环境中。

  例句: It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health, wealth and happiness to elements with whose very names the general public are unfamiliar.

  分析: 该句是复合句,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为to say that...,定语从句with whose very names...修饰elements,短语be unfamiliar with...意为“不熟悉或不了解……”。

  译文: 毫不夸张地说,我们很快就将把我们的健康、财富和幸福托付给一般人都不知其名的几种元素。

  例句: Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.(选自1998年Text 3)

  分析: 该句是复合句,that the term applies to...是dispute的宾语从句,过去分词短语 published in 1995修饰manifesto,定语从句whose manifesto scorns science and longs for...修饰the Unabomber。

  译文: 把该词用到反原子弹组织身上也不会引起多大争议,该组织在1995年公开发表声明藐视科学,渴望回到前技术时代的理想社会。

  6. 先行词是指人的集体名词

  如果强调该集体的整体,关系代词用which引导,如果强调该集体中各个成员,则用who引导。

  例句: The football team, which isnt playing very well this time, wont most probably place first in the league matches at all.

  分析: 该句是复合句,which isnt playing very well this time是一个非限制性定语从句修饰the football team。

  译文: 这支足球队这次踢得太差,根本不可能蝉联联赛冠军。

  例句: The football team,who are taking physical test, will be back here for the result.

  分析: 该句是复合句,who are taking physical test是一非限制性定语从句修饰the football team。

  译文: 正在参加体能测试的足球队员,一会儿回到这里等结果。

  7. 名词/代词+of+which/whom引导的定语从句表示整体与部分的关系

  例句: Beethoven, the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, most of which were written after he had lost his hearing.

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为Beethoven wrote nine symphonies in his life。most of which...是一个修饰symphonies的定语从句。

  译文: 伟大的音乐家贝多芬一生中写了九首交响乐,大部分作品是在耳聋后完成的。

  例句: Prof. Liu expected me to visit his students for him, most of whom were from abroad.

  分析: 该句是复合句,most of whom were from abroad是一个定语从句修饰students。

  译文: 刘教授希望我代他去看望他的学生,这些学生大多数来自海外。

  8. who/whom引导的定语从句中有插入语,而且插入语后也不用逗号分开时,很难区分它是插入语还是定语从句中的主谓结构

  试比较:Mary is a girl who I believe is honest.

  Mary is a girl whom I believe to be honest.

  很明显,在前一个句子中,定语从句who I believe is honest中I believe是插入语,因为去掉后,语法或意义均成立,who在句中作主语,不能换用whom;而在后一个句子中,不能把定语从句whom I believe to be honest中I believe看作插入语,因为去掉后不符合语法,所以I believe不是插入语,而是定语从句中的主谓结构,whom作believe的宾语,to be honest作宾语whom的补足语。

  例句: They pointed out the damage which they supposed had been done by last nights storm.(1997年第13题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,其中定语从句which they supposed had been done by last nights storm中they supposed为插入语,had been done是定语从句的谓语动词。

  译文: 他们指出了他们所预计的由于昨晚风暴而造成的损失。

  例句: This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began  with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. (选自2011年Text 3)

  分析: 该句是复合句。其中,主句的主干部分是This trend effectively began with retailers and travel providers and will no doubt go further;which we believe is still in its infancy是一个定语从句,修饰trend,we believe作插入语;介词短语such as airlines and hotels作后置定语,修饰retailers and travel providers。

  译文: 这种趋势事实上起始于零售商和像航空公司、酒店等旅游服务供应商。尽管我们相信它目前仍处于起始阶段,但很有可能将会得到进一步发展。

  9. 先行词为everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone等词时,关系代词用who或whom

  例句: When she entered, they were cheerfully talking about somebody(whom) she didnt know.

  译文: 当她进来时,他们一伙正在兴高采烈地谈论着她不认识的人。

  例句: Anyone who has toiled through SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test) will testify that test taking skill also matters. (选自2007年Text 2)

  分析: 该句是复合句,其中定语从句who has toiled through SAT修饰anyone。

  译文: 任何下工夫考过“学术能力评估测试”的人都会证明考试技巧也很重要。

  10. 定语从句的先行词为下述情况时,关系代词用that

  (1)先行词为代词all, everything, something, nothing, anything或用作名词的little,much或先行词前有only,any,no时。

  例句: Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by momenttomoment joy, we should consider being happy as a pasttense condition. (选自2011年Text 4)

  分析: 该句是复合句,冒号后面的内容是对前面内容的解释。其中,that can be measured by momenttomoment joy是一个定语从句,修饰something;Rather than concluding that... 是一个介词短语作状语,修饰整个句子Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness,either happy or miserable在句中作宾语补足语。

  译文: 森尼尔并没有对“孩子会让父母感到幸福还是痛苦”作出定论,而是建议我们需要重新定义幸福:不应该把它看成可用快乐的瞬间来衡量的东西,而应将其视为一种过去式状态。

  例句: To paraphrase 18thcentury statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”(选自2003年Text 2)

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为all that is needed for...is that..., that is needed for...是修饰all的定语从句。

  译文: 18世纪的政治家爱德蒙·伯克的意思是说:“错的事情之所以得逞就是因为好人不作为。”

  例句: Equally,in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. (选自2005年Text 4)

  分析: 该句是复合句,that could claim real liveliness是修饰the only form的定语从句。

  译文: 同样,在诗歌领域,唯一能够具有真正活力的就是那种高度个人化和富有表现力的文学形式。

  (2)先行词为序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。

  例句: He is the most educated man(that)I have ever encountered in my  block.

  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句(that)I have ever encountered...修饰man。

  译文: 他是我在小区里曾经遇到的最有学识的人。

  例句: The first thing (that) he immediately must do is to return to school.

  分析: 该句是复合句,其中主句部分为The first thing is to return to school,定语从句(that)he immediately must do修饰thing。

  译文: 他必须马上做的首要事情就是返校。

  (3)先行词是两个不同性质的词,一个指人,一个指物时。

  例句: The man and his achievements that the newspaper covered are greatly admired by the teachers and students alike.

  分析: 该句是复合句,that the newspaper covered是一个定语从句,在句中修饰the man and his achievements。

  译文: 报纸上所报道的那个人和他的事迹令师生大为钦佩。

  (4)先行词表示确切时间(time,day)、距离(distance)、方向(direction)、倍数(times)、方式(way)。这里只举例说明确切时间(time,day)用that引导,当其余各词充当先行词时,选用关系代词that引导定语从句,关键还在于that后不是一个完整句子(这是判断关系代词与关系副词的标准)。

  例句: My mother will forever remember those beautiful days(that) they spent together in the factory.

  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that they...in the factory中,先行词为beautiful days表时间,理应用关系副词when,但由于先行词又作spent的宾语,所以只能用关系代词which或that,又因those beautiful days是一确切时间,所以选用that。

  译文: 我母亲将永远铭记她们一起在工厂度过的那些美好的日子。

  例句:My mathematical teacher has been transferred from a town where nobody knows.(×)

  分析: 句中a town作knows的宾语,所以不能用关系副词where,因为关系副词在句中作状语,所以应用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略,故上句应改为:My mathematical teacher has been transferred from a town(which/that) nobody knows.

  译文: 我的数学老师是从一个没有人知道的城镇调来的。

  注意: There is an apparent reason why he was not in the village when the fire broke out.(×)

  分析: 由于该句中定语从句的先行词为reason,所以选用关系副词why,况且其后是一个完整句子,众所周知,定语从句和先行词关系是修饰关系,但在该句中定语从句why he was not in the village和先行词reason无语法上的修饰关系,而是彼此解释、平行关系,所以该句是同位语从句,故把why改成that。

  译文: 很明显,火灾发生时他不在村里。

  注意: 如果先行词是表示时间的词未必用when引导,先行词是表示地点的词未必用where引导,先行词是表示原因的词,也未必用why引导,关键要弄清先行词与定语从句的关系,以及前面提到的关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句的区别。

  11.关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰整个主句时,即which的先行词是前面整个句子,常位于句末且用逗号与主句隔开

  例句: The American society is established on an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.

  (2000年第29题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,which is connected with...是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是其前面的整个句子。

  译文: 美国社会是建立在一种极不稳定的自然资源基础之上,这与环境不断恶化的可能性有关。

  例句: When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provides a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash. (1996年第27题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,其中when traveling的完整形式应为when you are traveling, which provides a...是一个定语从句,先行词指代前面所说的you are advised to take travelers checks这件事。

  译文: 建议你旅行时携带旅行支票,这就提供了一个比携带现金更为安全的选择。

  12.关系代词as引导的定语从句

  (1)用于the same...as和such...as结构中。

  例句: Such friends as you mentioned dont make me a happy man whatever.

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为Such friends dont make me a happy man whatever。 whatever置于名词之后强调否定,意为“一点儿也不”。

  译文: 你所提到的这些朋友一点儿都不令我高兴。

  例句: My little daughter uttered a word (in) the same way as I told.

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为My little daughter uttered a word (in) the same way。

  译文: 小女儿模仿我的方式说话。

  (2)as引导的定语从句修饰整个句子时,一定要和主句用逗号隔开,即非限制性定语从句,先行词就是它所修饰的整个句子,该从句可放在主句前、主句后或插入主句中,as在句中作主语或宾语。

  例句: As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition. (1999年第5题)

  分析: 该句是复合句, as引导的定语从句修饰主句the principle involves the active participation of...。

  译文: 就像从这些数字对比中所看到的,原则上要求病人在治疗过程中积极配合。

  例句: As the public accept generally, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

  分析: 该句是复合句,主句部分为economic growth is determined by..., as引导的定语从句修饰整个主句。

  译文: 正像大众普遍接受的那样,经济增长是由生产的顺利发展决定的。

  例句: There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a“disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. (选自1998年Text 2)

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干为there is a“disjunction”between the mass of business anecdote and the picture,定语从句that points to a leap in productivity修饰business anecdote,the treasury secretary 作Robert Rubin的同位语,as代表整个主句内容,分词短语reflected by the statistics作定语修饰the picture。

  译文: 正如财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾所言,商业界大量趣闻提到生产率大幅度提高了,这与官方统计数字所显示的情况并不符合。

  13. 分隔式定语从句(Split Attributive Clause)

  一般情况下,定语从句紧跟在先行词后,但有时由于修辞和语法的需要,定语从句和它所修饰的先行词分开,这就是分隔式定语从句。

  例句: Time was like this, when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless species”. (2010年第48题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干为time was like this,when引导一个定语从句,修饰time,that these creatures preserve...与or that they prey...是the evidence的两个并列同位语从句。

  译文: 过去,曾有生物学家总是重申这样的事实:这些生物通过捕食弱小的动物去维持生物链的正常运行,或者说它们只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。

  例句: The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called OpenSource Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.(选自2003年Text 1)

  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为the winner was a tiny Virginia company, 分词短语called OpenSource Solutions及定语从句whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world修饰company。

  译文: 以绝对优势取胜的是来自于弗吉尼亚的一个叫做“资源公开方案”的小公司,他们明显的优势就是掌握了这个电子领域。

       以上就是本文的全部内容,更多精彩请随时关注新东方长春学校官网。


相关推荐

长春新东方考研无忧

  以上就是本文的全部内容,更多精彩内容,请持续关注长春新东方网

新东方长春学校官方微信:新东方长春学校 (微信号:ccxdfcn

最新考试资讯、考试政策解读、真题解析,请扫一扫二维码,关注我们的官方微信!

免费申请学习规划

已为25937位学员提供学习规划

*验证码

*短信验证码

相关推荐

  • 中学辅导
  • 大学辅导
  • 出国辅导
  • 热门活动

版权及免责声明

凡本网注明"稿件来源:新东方"的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件,版权均属新东方教育科技集团(含本网和新东方网) 所有,任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站,在下载使用时必须注明"稿件来源:新东方",违者本网将依法追究法律责任。

本网未注明"稿件来源:新东方"的文/图等稿件均为转载稿,本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的,并不意味着赞同转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用,必须保留本网注明的"稿件来源",并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为"稿件来源:新东方",本网将依法追究法律责任。

如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题,请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与新东方网联系,电话:010-60908555。