2019考研英语语法解析:代词
2018-05-10 10:07
来源:新东方在线
作者:
(三)one,the other和another
1. 两者中一个用one表示,另一个用the other表示,不定数目中的另一个用another表示。
例句: However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different. (选自2005年Text 1)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句部分为their behavior became markedly different。 when引 导的时间状语从句中又插入了so that引导的目的状语从句,从句中what the other...作observe的宾语。
译文: 但是当两只猴子被放在隔开但相邻的两个房间中,而且每只猴子还能看到对方用岩石交换了什么物品之后,他们的行为就发生了巨大变化。
例句: We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have another one this month.
分析: 该句是并列句。
译文: 上个月我们举行了一场晚会,很有意思。因此,我们这个月再举行一场类似的晚会吧。
2. 表示三者并对三者加以说明。
表达方法如下:
one...another...and the other
one...a second...and the third
例句: I have three sisters, one is a nurse, another (a second) is a teacher, and the other (and the third) is a doctor.
注: 表示四者并对四者都加以说明的表达方式是:one...another...a third...and the fourth (the other)...。
3. One作代词时,前用形容词或the,this,that,which,any,some,each,every等来修饰,另有one of the+复数名词+单数动词。
例句: That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. (选自2006年Text 3)
分析: 该句是复合句,means后的宾语从句省略了连接代词that,what is in the sea作介词 of的宾语,so引导的另一个分句中的the one代替前面的名词difference,分词短语recorded by...作后置定语修饰the one。
译文: 这意味着更高比例的海洋物种正在被捕捞,因此现在和过去的真正差异可能比根据渔获量的变化所记录的更糟糕。
例句: One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships dutifully follow traffic rules in busy harbors. (2001年第13题)
分析: 该句是复合句,从句that all ships...harbors作make sure的宾语。
译文: 海岸警卫队的责任之一就是确保所有船只在繁忙的港口严格遵守航运规则。
注意: that和one都可用来代表句子前面部分中的名词以避免重复: one指代可数名词, 为不确定指代,其复数形式为ones;that指代可数和不可数名词,为确定指代,其复数形式为those。
例句: No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.
分析: 该句是简单句,其中that代替前面的bread,分词短语earned by his own labor作定语修饰that。
译文: 什么面包也不如自己劳动挣得的面包香。
例句: Julia tried to find a good book on physics, but the bookstore she went to yesterday did not have one.
分析: 该句是并列句,其中第二个分句是一个复合句,she went to yesterday是修饰the bookstore的定语从句。
译文: 朱丽亚想找一本物理学方面的好书,但昨天她去的那家书店没有。
4. another后接单数名词,表示的意思是“另一个,又一个(one more);另外的,别的(some other);不同的(a different)”。
例句: Her mother will be back in another moment, and we have to wait for her.
分析: 本句是以and连接的并列句。
译文: 她妈妈再过一会儿就回来,我们还是等等她吧。
例句: We will visit the History Museum another day.
译文: 我们改天参观历史博物馆。
例句: He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will expire at the end of this month. (1998年第34题)
分析: 该句是由yet连接的并列句。
译文: 他正计划再到国外去旅游,但是他的护照这个月底就到期了。
5. other通常接复数名词,在any other,every other, no other,some other,the other,one other后,名词也可用单数形式。
例句: As far as I am concerned, his politics are rather conservative compared with other politicians. (1997年第19题)
分析: 该句是简单句,其中As far as I am concerned为插入语,other politicians相当于other politicians politics,分词短语compared with other politicians在句中作状语表示时间或条件,相当于when/if his politics are compared with other politicians。
译文: 依我看,与其他政治家的政治观点相比,他的观点更加保守。
例句: No other book has had a greater influence on my life.
译文: 任何书对我一生的影响都没有这本书大。
例句: Wilson found there was only one other guest besides himself.
译文: 威尔逊发现除了他自己外只有一个客人。
注意: other与数目连用时其位置如下:
基数词+ other+复数名词;
the other+基数词+复数名词或the+基数词+other+复数名词。
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