熟悉雅思阅读题型的烤鸭们肯定知道，阅读题型可以分为这么两大类别：细节题和非细节题。细节题，顾名思义，通过文中对应的一至两句话的解读和把握，就能做出正确的判断选择。做这类题型就好比用“显微镜”考察事物，需要的是视微如著，锱铢必较的劲头。那如果把这类题型做好了能取得高分吗？细节题通常在考试中占比大，因此往复训练固然能换得一个不错的成绩，但是这样做同时也带来了另一个弊端，把作为整体的一篇文章肢解得过于零碎，无法做到对于部分段落，更不用说对于全文的整体把握了。显然，对于想要进一步提升自己阅读水平的烤鸭们，我们就必须迈过细节题这个阶段，向着更高的层次进发，换个“望远镜”看阅读，看的更远一点，更多一点。换句话说，就是从理解好单句提升至看明白段落。这里老师介绍两种常见的段落阅读法。

第一种，从段落结构入手，轻松搞定主体内容。我们以剑8 Test1的Passage2中的一段为例。

The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments. In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyond the basic pilot's license that must also be held.

段落首句是个非常典型的总起句，开门见山地介绍了本段主要说明的2个对象，即two types of operating environments.再往后看，在紧接着的第二句和第三句中我们就找出了这两种类型，分别是在good weather condition中适用的VFR和poor weather condition中适用的IFR。最后两句是针对具体情况这两种飞行操控系统选择的举例。经过这么一番分析，段落大意了然于胸，选择heading岂不是易如反掌。

第二种，从句子成分入手，选出主语和谓语，其实就是搞清楚who和do what的问题。我们以剑7 Test1的Passage2中的一段为例。

The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes - often with little warning or compensation - to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20 % of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers* are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.

按照刚才所说的方法，我们可以很快的把段落主体部分缩减成①people are forced to move（人们被迫搬家）②fish are endangered（鱼受到危险）③irrigation degrade quality and reduce productivity（灌溉降低质量减少产量）④groundwater are being pumped（地下水被抽出）⑤disputes led to violence（争论导致暴力）。五句话分别从5个不同的角度阐述了水政策的影响，再联系第一句话中的beyond jeopardizing human health远不至于威胁人类的健康，整个段落就是在讨论水政策对于健康之外的环境方面的影响。

不知道诸位烤鸭有没有从这两则例子中领会到段落阅读的精髓呢？没错，段落阅读更加注重大意的把握。因此利用第一种方法，梳理段落结构，辅之以个别关键词，我们就能迅速且准确地理清段落主旨。又或者像第二种方法，我们能够大胆地将形容词副词，各种复杂的从句等起修饰限定作用的成分统统抛诸脑后，只留下承载最核心意思的主语和宾语，以及串联他们的谓语动词，同样可以拼凑出段落的大意。

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