GRE阅读题目解析:在美菲律宾人权利

　　Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines, Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans. Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the 1934-1965 immigration hiatus graphically to life. A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women, who were scarce among immigrants before the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in 1965. Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.

　　1. According to the passage, both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?

　　A. Consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’ responses to life in the United

　　B. Attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United States

　　C. Employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to theUnited States

　　D. Represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’ sense of Filipino identity

　　E. Examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration

　　2. In the context in which it appears, “graphically” most nearly means

　　A. in writing

　　B. by means of drawing

　　C. impressionistically

　　D. diagrammatically

　　E. vividly

　　1

　　Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines, Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans.

　　在 C B 力求通过小说和人证推进在美菲律宾人的权利，以及菲律宾国内的社会转型的同时，Y L E 给自己设定的目标是重现菲律宾裔美国人的生活史。

　　2

　　Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the 1934-1965 immigration hiatus graphically to life.

　　她的作品栩栩如生地描绘了 1934 - 1965 移民中断期以后的一代菲律宾裔美国人的生活。

　　(

　　【关于 1965 年美国移民法】

　　1965 年，美国通过了新的移民政策即 The Hart - Cellar Act of 1965 亦即 The 1965 Immigration Act，此前的移民政策(可上溯至 1920 年代)是严格根据美国当时已有的人口比例发放配额，也就是说北欧人移入比意大利人容易，而亚裔因为当时人口占比非常低，加上其他限制(比如成年文盲不允许移民等)，移民数大减， hiatus 本意空隙、中断、间隔，指的就是这段菲律宾裔的移民低潮期。

　　如果你有志留在美国工作和生活，该感谢 1965 年的移民法，因为从这个法案开始，所谓 “技术移民” 开始成为外国人进入美国的一种最重要通道。

　　而作为上限的 1934 年，发生了什么?

　　合理的推测是，发生了某事，让菲律宾裔移民数锐减。

　　事实的确如此，1934 年通过的 The Tydings - McDuffie Act，officially the Philippine Independence Act，其中规定：

　　The act reclassified all Filipinos, including those who were living in the United States, as aliens for the purposes of immigration to America. A quota of 50 immigrants per year was established.[2] Before this act, Filipinos were classified as United States nationals, but not United States citizens, and while they were allowed to migrate relatively freely, they were denied naturalization rights within the US, unless they were citizens by birth in the mainland US.[3]

　　(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie_Act)

　　是的，你没看错，定额为每年 50 人。尽管这个法案并没有严格执行，比如夏威夷蔗糖种植园主派人成功游说联邦政府，允许更多菲律宾劳工入境工作，但准入的多为男性劳工，从事的也是底层体力劳动，这种情形在 1965 年以后改变很大，文段下文有呼应。

　　)

　　3

　　A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women, who were scarce among immigrants before the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in 1965.

　　作品特别有力地展示了菲律宾裔美籍女性，1934 年美国限制菲律宾裔移民以前就很少，但 1965 年政策放开后却在总数中过半。

　　(【Carlos Bulosan】

　　Carlos Sampayan Bulosan (November 24, 1913[1] – September 11, 1956) was an English-language Filipino novelist and poet who spent most of his life in the United States. His best-known work today is the semi-autobiographical America Is in the Heart, but he first gained fame for his 1943 essay on The Freedom from Want.

　　(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Bulosan)

　　)

　　4

　　Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.

　　E 的描述对象记录了美籍菲律宾人身份的转变，就像 B 作为第一代移民大潮的一员所做的记录。

　　1. According to the passage, both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?

　　A. Consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’ responses to life in the United

　　B. Attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United States

　　C. Employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to theUnited States

　　D. Represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’ sense of Filipino identity

　　E. Examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration

　　选 D

　　比较朴实的细节题，根据句 4：

　　Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.

　　2. In the context in which it appears, “graphically” most nearly means

　　A. in writing

　　B. by means of drawing

　　C. impressionistically

　　D. diagrammatically

　　E. vividly

　　选 E

　　这种题我都没啥讲的，只能引词典释义：

　　graphic 【MWC】vividly or plainly shown or described

　　几乎可以听见 ETS 娇嗔道：还要人家怎么样嘛。

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