GRE阅读题目解析:量子力学理论

　　P5

　　Quantum mechanics is a highly successful theory: it supplies methods for accurately calculating the results of diverse experiments, especially with minute particles. The predictions of quantum mechanics, however, give only the probability of an event, not a deterministic statement of whether or not the event will occur. Because of this probabilism, Einstein remained strongly dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life, though he did not maintain that quantum mechanics is wrong. Rather, he held that it is incomplete: in quantum mechanics the motion of a particle must be described in terms of probabilities, he argued, only because some parameters that determine the motion have not been specified. Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous. (134 words)

　　10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's conclusion that Einstein's approach is "erroneous" might have to be modified because

　　(A) it is theoretically possible to generate plausible theories with hidden parameters within them

　　(B) some experimental tests of Einstein's theory do not disconfirm the hidden-parameter theory of quantum mechanics

　　(C) it is possible for a theory to have hidden parameters and yet be probabilistic

　　(D) traditional quantum mechanics has not yet been used to analyze all of the phenomena to which it could be applied

　　(E) there are too many possible hidden parameters to develop meaningful tests of hidden-parameter theories

1

　　Quantum mechanics is a highly successful theory: it supplies methods for accurately calculating the results of diverse experiments, especially with minute particles.

　　量子力学是非常成功的理论：它给出了准确计算多种实验的结果的方法，特别是涉及到微观粒子的实验。

　　2

　　The predictions of quantum mechanics, however, give only the probability of an event, not a deterministic statement of whether or not the event will occur.

　　然而，量子力学的预测，只给出某事件出现的概率，并非一定会出现或一定不会出现的决定论表述。

　　3

　　Because of this probabilism, Einstein remained strongly dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life, though he did not maintain that quantum mechanics is wrong.

　　因为这种或然论，爱因斯坦终其一生都对量子力学不满，尽管他没说量子力学是错的。

　　4

　　Rather, he held that it is incomplete: in quantum mechanics the motion of a particle must be described in terms of probabilities, he argued, only because some parameters that determine the motion have not been specified.

　　相反，他认为量子力学不完整：他说，在量子力学中，粒子的运动必须被描述为有某种可能性，只是因为我们尚未搞清楚某些决定运动的参数。

　　5

　　Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous. (134 words)

　　爱因斯坦的去世后，他的想法被后人用实验验证，随着多数实验结果都支持传统量子力学，爱因斯坦的方法几乎可以确定是错的了。

　　10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's conclusion that Einstein's approach is "erroneous" might have to be modified because

　　(A) it is theoretically possible to generate plausible theories with hidden parameters within them

　　(B) some experimental tests of Einstein's theory do not disconfirm the hidden-parameter theory of quantum mechanics

　　(C) it is possible for a theory to have hidden parameters and yet be probabilistic

　　(D) traditional quantum mechanics has not yet been used to analyze all of the phenomena to which it could be applied

　　(E) there are too many possible hidden parameters to develop meaningful tests of hidden-parameter theories

　　选 B

　　作者认为爱因斯坦几乎肯定是错了，这种看法怎么才能转变。

　　废话，如果证明爱因斯坦说的对，这种看法就得转变了呗。

　　爱因斯坦说过啥呢?见句 4：

　　…because some parameters that determine the motion have not been specified.

　　顺着这个描述，我们就选出 B 了。

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