threat [θret]

　　n.威胁; 恐吓; 凶兆

　　1. something that is a source of danger;

　　2. a warning that something unpleasant isimminent;

　　3. declaration of an intention or adetermination to inflict harm on another;

　　4. a person who inspires fear or dread;

　　spate [speɪt]

　　n.大量; 发洪水，(河流)暴涨; 大雨

　　1. (often followed by `of') a large numberor amount or extent;

　　2. a sudden forceful flow

　　3. the occurrence of a water flow resultingfrom sudden rain or melting snow

　　brisk [brɪsk]

　　adj.快的; 轻快的; 爽快而清新的; 兴隆的

　　vi.活跃起来; 变得轻快

　　vt.使…活泼; 使…轻快

　　1. quick and energetic;

　　2. imparting vitality and energy;

　　3. very active;

　　hostility [hɒ'stɪlətɪ]

　　n.敌意，敌对状态; 战争行动; 愤怒反对，愤怒反抗

　　1. a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition;

　　2. a state of deep-seated ill-will

　　3. the feeling of a hostile person;

　　4. violent action that is hostile andusually unprovoked

　　5. acts of overt warfare

　　humanitarian [hju:ˌmænɪˈteəriən]

　　adj.人道主义的; 博爱的; 慈善的

　　n.人道主义者; 慈善家; 博爱主义者

　　Noun

　　1. someone devoted to the promotion ofhuman welfare and to social reforms

　　Adjective

　　1. marked by humanistic values and devotionto human welfare;

　　2. of or relating to or characteristic ofhumanitarianism;

　　altruism [ˈæltruɪzəm]

　　n.利他主义，无私; 爱他主义; 利人主义

　　thequality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others

　　caricature ['kærɪkətʃʊə(r)]

　　n.漫画，讽刺画; 漫画手法; 夸张讽刺的描绘; 滑稽可笑的模仿

　　vt.把…画成漫画; 画成漫画讽刺; 用漫画手法描绘

　　Noun

　　1. a representation of a person that isexaggerated for comic effect

　　Verb

　　1. represent in or produce a caricature of;

　　lliterate [ɪ'lɪtərət]

　　adj.目不识丁的，文盲的

　　n.目不识丁者; 文盲; 无知

　　1. not able to read or write

　　2. ignorant of the fundamentals of a givenart or branch of knowledge;

　　alarm [ə'lɑ:m]

　　n.惊恐; 警报; 闹铃; 动员令

　　vt.使惊恐; 警告; 给(门等)安装警报器

　　Noun

　　1. fear resulting from the awareness ofdanger

　　2. a device that signals the occurrence ofsome undesirable event

　　3. an automatic signal (usually a sound)warning of danger

　　4. a clock that wakes sleeper at presettime

　　Verb

　　1. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause tobe unpleasantly surprised;

　　2. warn or arouse to a sense of danger orcall to a state of preparedness;

　　impugn [ɪm'pju:n]

　　vt.非难，指谪; 对…有怀疑

　　attack as false or wrong

　　recant [rɪ'kænt]

　　vt.撤回(声明)，放弃(信仰或主张)

　　formally reject or disavow a formerly heldbelief, usually under pressure;

　　surrogate ['sʌrəɡət]

　　n.代理，代表; 代用品，代替，代孕者，[心]代用人物; 〈美〉遗嘱检验法庭[法官]

　　adj.代理的; 代理的

　　v.代理，替代

　　Noun

　　1. someone who takes the place of anotherperson

　　2. a person appointed to represent or acton behalf of others

　　Adjective

　　1. providing or receiving nurture orparental care though not related by blood or legal ties;

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