artifact N. /人造物品/object made by human beings, either handmade or mass-produced. Archaeologists debated the

　　significance of the artifacts discovered in the ruins of Asia Minor but came to no conclusion about the culture they represented.

　　artifice N. /技巧;欺骗/deception; trickery. The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunning and artifice were often

　　more effective than military might.

　　artisan N. /工匠/manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to artist. A noted artisan, Arturo was known for the

　　fine craftsmanship of his inlaid cabinets.

　　artless ADJ. /坦诚;直率/without guile; open and honest. Sophisticated and cynical, Jack could not believe Jill was as

　　artless and naive as she appeared to be.

　　ascendancy N. /统治，控制/controlling influence; domination. Leaders of religious cults maintain ascendancy over

　　their followers by methods that can verge on brainwashing.

　　ascertain V. /确认，确证/find out for certain. Please ascertain her present address.

　　ascetic ADJ. /苦行;禁欲/practicing self-denial; austere. The wealthy, self-indulgent young man felt oddly drawn to the

　　strict, ascetic life led by members of some monastic orders. also N.

　　ascribe V. /归因于;指派/refer; attribute; assign. I can ascribe no motive for her acts.

　　aseptic ADJ. /抗菌的/preventing infection; having a cleansing effect. Hospitals succeeded in lowering the mortality rate

　　as soon as they introduced aseptic conditions.

　　ashen ADJ. /灰色/ash-colored. Her face was ashen with fear.

　　asinine ADJ. /愚蠢/stupid. Your asinine remarks prove that you have not given this problem any serious consideration. askance ADJ. /瞄，不经意的斜视/with a sideways or indirect look. Looking askance at her questioner, she displayed her

　　scorn.

　　askew ADJ. /歪斜/crookedly; slanted; at an angle. When he placed his hat askew upon his head, his observers

　　laughed.

　　asperity N. /严酷，粗暴/sharpness (of temper). These remarks, spoken with asperity, stung the boys to whom they had

　　been directed.

　　aspirant N. /有志者;有抱负的人/seeker after position or status. Although I am an aspirant for public office, I am not

　　willing to accept the dictates of the party bosses. also ADJ.

　　aspire V. /热望;热心于/seek to attain; long for. Because he aspired to a career in professional sports, Philip enrolled in

　　a graduate program in sports management. aspiration, N.

　　assail V. /攻击/assault. He was assailed with questions after his lecture.

　　assay V. /分析;化验/analyze; evaluate. When they assayed the ore, they found that they had discovered a very rich

　　vein. also N.

　　assent V. /同意;接受/agree; accept. It gives me great pleasure to assent to your request.

　　assert V. /断言/declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly. Malcolm asserted that if Reese quit acting

　　like a wimp and asserted himself a bit more, he'd improve his chances of getting a date. assertion, N.

　　assessment N. /评价，评估;判断/evaluation; judgment. Your SAT I score plays a part in the admission committee's

　　assessment of you as an applicant.

　　assiduous ADJ. /勤奋/diligent. He was assiduous, working at this task for weeks before he felt satisfied with his results.

　　assiduity, N.

　　assimilate V. /吸收;同化/absorb; cause to become homogeneous. The manner in which the United States was able to

　　assimilate the hordes of immigrants during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries will always be a source of pride to Americans. The immigrants eagerly assimilated new ideas and customs; they soaked them up, the way plants soak up water.-

　　*assuage V. /减轻(痛苦);满足(饥渴);安慰/ease or lessen (pain); satisfy (hunger); soothe (anger). Jilted by Jane, Dick tried to assuage his heartache by indulging in ice cream. One gallon later, he had assuaged his appetite but not his grief.

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