一.Analysis of Issue Questions

　　2. “It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and

　　worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world‟s energy resources for future generations.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

　　“指望单个国家独立地做出必要的牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。如果我们希望为下一代保护世界的能源资源，国际领导力量和全球性的公司是基本的。”

　　1. To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently. 2. It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not.

　　3. The best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.

　　1， 首先，虽然不愿意，但仍然要承认，自私几乎是天性。self consideration优先。在没有广泛的行动时，每一个国家都不愿意在自己作

　　出牺牲的同时，其他国家没有行动。这样不公平，也不可能达到。这时，领导的作用很重要。安排各国家工作，协调各国家活动。有一个行动的指导作用。function as the leader of the group.

　　2， 而且，保护资源是全球的问题，指望单个国家作出牺牲是不够的。因为在全球化经济发展下，资源几乎是全球运转的。比如，美国会

　　向中国进口木材等原料。所以需要合作。大的跨国公司在其中扮演重要的角色。比如，开发非洲的，有很多是欧洲的公司，跨国公司的举动会影响到很多国家的经济政策。nuclear weapons proliferation by the same token(同样道理)

　　the problem of energy conservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will suffer.(sample上的句子)

　　3， 当然，这样是不够的，必须由各个国家充分地发挥主动的作用take positive action。因为资源是全人类的，每个国家都有责任并且都

　　有必要。只有将统一领导与各国的积极性作用一起结合，才是最effective的方法。

　　Optional words:

　　Sacrifice/ expense/ offering/ cost

　　Conserve/ protect/ guard/ keep/ maintain Thesis sentence:

　　To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project, however, individual nations have been take the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without international leadership. View1:

　　International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources.

　　Evidence: OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put help to cease the problem of over-refining and over utilization of oil energy.

　　View2:

　　It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors other than international leadership and world wide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benefit in the future. Evidence:

　　Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy efficient.

　　Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great effort to conserve energy for future generations. An famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea .

　　The speaker asserts that an international effort is needed to preserve the world‟s energy resources for future generations. While individual nations, like people, are at times willing to make voluntary sacrifices for the benefit of others, my view is that international coordination is nevertheless necessary in light of the strong propensity of nations to act selfishly, and because the problem is international in scope.