GMAT阅读题型练习（6）

2018-01-29 11:20

来源：新东方在线

作者：

　　GMAT阅读题目内容

　　A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species.

　　In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and present-day carnivores—in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species.

　　Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.

　　2、According to the passage, compared with Pleistocene carnivores in other areas, Pleistocene carnivores in the La Brea area

　　A.included the same species, in approximately the same proportions

　　B.had a similar frequency of tooth fractures

　　C.populated the La Brea area more densely

　　D.consumed their prey more thoroughly

　　E.found it harder to obtain sufficient prey

　　正确答案: B

　　GMAT阅读题目解析

　　如果看懂文章的话，应该能迅速排出A,C,D,因为文章没提到这三方面的内容

　　B,E都是文章提过的，唯一的区别是E是一个P这个时期食肉动物的普遍问题，因此在LB这个地区的食肉动物不会比同时期其他地方的食肉动物找吃的更难。而E中的harder让这个选项变成了错误选项。

　　B里说牙化石，LB地区的动物和其他地区这个时期的动物差不多，这是原文第二段They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data.这句话的原文改写。因此B是正确答案。

　　题目释义：

　　细节题目

　　考点：

　　推断(Inference)

　　旨在考察我们对文章的深度理解，以及逻辑推断能力。

　　这个题目定位在“They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. ”

　　选项分析：

　　(A) 包括相同的物种，和基本相同的比例。文中没有提到这个选项当中的内容。属于无中生有。

　　(B) Correct. 有相似的牙齿破坏频率。定位句中作者提出“local bias”中的内容就是因为地域不同而产生的牙齿的破坏程度不同。作者驳斥了这个解读。说明不同地域的牙齿破坏频率相似。

　　(C) 填充La Brea地区使其食肉动物的密度更大。文中没有提到该选项的内容。

　　(D) 更加完全的吃掉它们的猎物。文中提到这点的地方在“more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species”。不过这和题目所问的内容没有关系(即不是由区域不同带来的更加完全的吃掉猎物)。

　　(E) 发现找到足够的猎物更加困难。文中提到这点定位在“ Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally”。不过这个点题目的内容没有关系(不论哪里，这样的情况都存在，不单单是“La Brea area”存在)。

　　点评：

　　这类型的题目只要找对了定位句就会比较简单。其余选项的内容在“文中定位处”均没有被提到过。较容易排除。

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