GMAT逻辑题练习及答案(461)

2017-12-06 09:53

来源：新东方在线

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　　Problems caused by the leaching of pollutantsfrom dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capitaeconomic output of $4,000 to $5,000, and less severe for considerably poorerand considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problemsincrease during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but thendiminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources totackle such problems. Therefore, problems caused by such leaching in Country X,where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000, should begin todiminish in the next few years.

　　Which one of the following is an assumptionon which the argument depends?

　　A. Withinthe next few years, Country X will impose a system of fines for illegal wastedisposal by its industrial companies.

　　B. Countriessurrounding Country X will reduce the amount of pollution that their factoriesrelease into the air and water.

　　C. Industrialdevelopment in Country X will increase in the next few years.

　　D. CountryX will begin the process of industrialization in the next few years.

　　E. Noother country with a similar amount of industrial development has pollutionproblems that are as severe as those in Country X.

　　答案

　　Principle: Problems caused by the leachingof pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annualper capita economic output of $4,000 to $5,000, and less severe forconsiderably poorer and considerably richer countries.

　　Premise: (大前提)pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but thendiminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources totackle such problems，用来支持最后的 conclusion:　: problems in Country X should begin to diminish in the next fewyears.

　　Evidence: in Country X, where the annualper capita economic output is now $5,000,

　　Conclusion: problems in Country X shouldbegin to diminish in the next few years.

　　是对 premise 的一次改写。

　　Hidden Assumption: The industrialdevelopment in Country X will increase in the next years so that itseconomic output will be more than $5,000, it passes over the early stage of industrial development and hasadequate resources to tackle leaching problems.

　　题目问Assumption,即必要条件。只有这个必要条件成立，结论才能成立(A->B ) 。没有这个必要条件，结论是不可能成立的(非B-> 非A)

　　A. 高额的罚款并不是country X抯 problem will diminish. 的必要条件。因为如果由公司从自身的经济利益出发，宁愿选择接受罚款，则结论不成立。

　　B. out of scope

　　C. Correct Answer. 正符合我们的 Assumption.

　　D. Weaken the conclusion --- because thatpollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrialdevelopment (early stages == begin the process of industrialization)

　　E. 时间不一致，(一般现在式与begin to diminish in the next few years.)

　　比较对象不对。(Other country 与 Country X vs. Country X 现在与未来)

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