GMAT逻辑题练习及答案(388)

2017-09-19 09:35

来源：新东方在线

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　　GMAT逻辑题目:

　　In opposing the 1970 Clean Air Act, theUnited States automobile industry argued that meeting the act’s standards forautomobile emissions was neither economically feasible nor environmentally necessary.However, the catalytic converter, invented in 1967, enabled automakers to meetthe 1970 standards efficiently. Currently, automakers are lobbying against thegovernment’s attempt to pass legislation that would tighten restrictions onautomobile emissions. The automakers contend that these new restrictions wouldbe overly expensive and unnecessary to efforts to curb air pollution. Clearly,the automobile industry’s position should not be heeded.

　　(1)Which one of the following mostaccurately expresses the method used to counter the automakers’ currentposition?

　　A. Theautomakers’ premises are shown to lead to a contradiction.

　　B. Factsare mentioned that show that the automakers are relying on false information.

　　C. Aflaw is pointed out in the reasoning used by the automakers to reach theirconclusion.

　　D. Acomparison is drawn between the automakers’ current position and a positionthey held in the past.

　　E. Evidenceis provided that the new emissions legislation is both economically feasible andenvironmentally necessary.

　　(2)Which one of the following, if true,lends the most support to the automakers’ current position?

　　A. Themore stringent the legislation restricting emission becomes, the more difficultit becomes for automakers to provide the required technology economically.

　　B. Emissions-restrictiontechnology can often be engineered so as to avoid reducing the efficiency withwhich an automobile uses fuel.

　　C. Notevery new piece of legislation restricting emission requires new automotivetechnology in order for automakers to comply with it.

　　D. Themore automobiles there are on the road, the more stringent emissionrestrictions must be to prevent increased overall air pollution.

　　E. Unlessforced to do so by the government, automakers rarely make changes in automotivetechnology that is not related to profitability.

　　(1)参考答案：D

　　思路：The automakers use the reason that thesenew restrictions would be overly expensive. However, in the past, theautomakers previously also used the same reason and their position is proved tobe wrong. Consequently the passage draws a comparison, that is, an analogy todisprove the reasoning of the automakers. Thus, D, a comparison is drawnbetween the automakers’ current position and a position they held in the past,is the most accurate and thus the best choice.

　　A. Theautomakers’ premises are not shown to lead a contradiction. Actually if thepremises are true, they support their standing point.

　　B. Thereis no fact to show that the automakers are relying on false information.

　　C. Theautomakers’ reasoning itself does not contain error. The reasoning could onlybe shown not correct when confronted with past case.

　　E. There is no evidence that is provided for such purpose here in thepassage.

　　参考答案：A

　　思路：The automakers’ currently contends thatthese new restrictions would be overly expensive. If the situation is still thesame, if there is no increased difficulty for the automakers to reach thedifficulty, the reason here mentioned by them would be simply a scapegoat herefor them to escape the necessary effort. However, if the truth is as said inchoice A, the more stringent the legislation restricting emission becomes, the more difficult it becomes for automakers to provide the required technologyeconomically, which means that because the current situation asks for even moreadvanced technology and the increased difficulty could not be overcome economically, the protest of the automakers is well supported.

　　B. actuallyweakens the automakers’ current position

　　C. ithas nothing to do with supporting the automakers’ current position. Actuallythis claim could only express that the automakers do not need to protest thatmuch.

　　D. Ifprovided together with other information, such as “there are more and more carson the roads”, the claim of D could serve as a weakening the automakers’current position.

　　E. Itonly makes clear about why necessary for government to intervene and how torealize the plan about reducing the air pollution; in fact, it does not weakenor strengthen the automakers’ current position.

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