GMAT逻辑题目:

　　【逻辑】

　　Therecent rise of low-cost airlines in Country Y has led to great increases in thenumber of air travelers and flights. However, a “hidden cost” of flying andcertain other forms of travel is the significant amount of air pollution, whichcontributes to global warming. To make people pay these hidden costs—and in theprocess discourage the explosive growth in flying—the government of Country Yplans to impose fees on all air travel. There is a problem, however, in thatmany residents of Country Y would then use automobile transportation instead,without paying the hidden costs of the resulting air pollution.

　　Which of the following additions to the government'splan would be likely to help most in overcoming the problem referred to in thefinal sentence above?

　　A. Restricting the number of dailyflights permitted in Country Y

　　B. Using the fees imposed on airtravel to educate the public about the effects of air pollution on globalwarming

　　C. Setting clear, specificrecommendations for the long-term reduction in exhaust emissions by automobiletransportation in the country

　　D. Asking airplane manufacturersto study the possibility of creating airplanes that produce less air pollution

　　E. Imposing substantial fees onall forms of motorized transportation, in proportion to the amount of pollutioncaused by each form

GMAT逻辑答案:

　　Reasoning

　　How could Country Y’s plan be modified to make it more effective in either preventing pollution or making people pay the cost of pollution? If the plan addresses air travel exclusively, it will encourage people to drive instead of flying. Since drivers will not have to pay for the hidden costs of air pollution from their driving, the total amount of air pollution may not fall as the government hopes. The most obvious way to address this problem is to impose similar fees on drivers to encourage them to reduce their driving, as well as pay the cost of their air pollution, just as air travelers must do.

　　A. Restricting the number of daily flights would encourage even more people to drive instead of flying, thus worsening the problem described in the final sentence of the passage.

　　B. Although public education might be helpful, it would not force drivers to pay the hidden costs of their air pollution. Therefore, public education would not fully address the problem described in the final sentence of the passage.

　　C. Such recommendations would not in themselves force drivers to pay the hidden costs of their air pollution, so they would not fully address the problem described in the final sentence of the passage.

　　D. This might help reduce air pollution from air travel, but it would not affect air pollution caused by driving. Therefore, this option would not address the problem described in the final sentence of the passage.

　　E. Correct. These fees would make drivers pay for the hidden costs of air  pollution from driving. Therefore, imposing fees would probably reduce air pollution and help overcome the problem described in the final sentence of the passage.

　　The correct answer is E.

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