GRE阅读经济学人：世界杯承办国腐败现象泛滥

2018-05-25 09:24

来源：新东方在线

作者：

　　The hardest bit of the puzzle is the host-selection process. One option would be to stick the World Cup in one country and leave it there; but that nation's home team would have a big advantage, and tournaments benefit from moving between different time zones. An economically rational option would be to give this year's winner, and each successive champion, the option of either hosting the tournament in eight years' time or auctioning off that right to the highest bidder. That would favor football's powerhouses. But as most of them already have the stadiums, there would be less waste—and it would provide even more of an incentive to win.

　　问题的难点在于承办权的竞选过程。一种选择是把世界杯举办权授予某个特定国家，让它一直作为承办国：但是这个国家的主场球队就会大占优势，在比赛中也不用受时差的影响。经济合理的选择是，把权利授予每届杯赛冠军，他可以决定八年举办一次杯赛，或者把承办权授予出价最高的投标者。这样的话，足球强国就会占优。不过因为他们大都已经拥有足球场，这样也不会产生过多的浪费，而且会激励更多的国家去争夺冠军。

　　Sadly, soccer fans are romantic nationalists, not logical economists—so our proposal stands less chance of winning than England does. One small step towards sanity would be formally to rotate the tournament, so it went, say, from Europe to Africa to Asia to the Americas, which would at least stop intercontinental corruption. But very little of this will happen without change at the top in Zurich.

　　遗憾的是，球迷们都是浪漫的国际主义者，而不是理性的经济学家，所以我们的建议比不过英国人的。赛事轮换举办可以是走向理智的一小步，比如可以按照从欧洲到非洲到亚洲再到美洲的顺序进行，这样至少可以阻止洲内腐败。但是如果国际足联苏黎世总部没有改变的话，所有这些设想都不会付诸实践。

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