40. "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."

　　我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。更重要的是关注他们如何追求实现自己的兴趣，无论那些兴趣显得是多么的非同寻常。

　　Agree:

　　1. Who is to decide which areas of academic inquiry are worthwhile? Scholars cannot be left to decide; nor can regulators and legislators.

　　2. Secondly, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel.

　　3. Thirdly, it is “idiosyncratic” and ”unusual” avenues of inquiry that lead to greatest contributions to society.

　　少数和多数之科学家

　　------------------------------

　　41. "Such non-mainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."

　　研究界的一些非主流领域，比如星象学、占卜术和意念及超自然探索，在社会中起到了很重要的作用，因为它们满足了人们无法从主流科学获得的需求。

　　1. Admittedly, these non-mainstream areas of inquiry address certain human needs, which mainstream science and other areas of intellectual inquiry inherently cannot.

　　2. However, because these pursuits are not rooted in reason, they are favorite pastimes of charlatans and others who seek to prey on dupes.

　　3. Furthermore, without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues of inquiry, participants become vulnerable to self-deception, false hopes, fantastic ideas and even delusions.

　　少数和多数之非主流学科

　　------------------------------

　　46. "While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."

　　政府、体育界、工业界和其他领域中的一些领导者将他们的成功归因于一种高度的竞争意识，然而一个社会还是应该更好的为那些即将成为领导者的年轻人灌输一种合作的意识。

　　Agree

　　1. The chief reason why we should stress cooperation in nurturing young people today is that, as tomorrow’s leaders, they will face pressing societal problems that simply cannot be solved apart from cooperative international efforts.

　　2. The second compelling reason for instilling in young people a sense of cooperation over competition is that effective leadership depends less on the latter than the former.

　　3. A third reason why instilling a sense of cooperation is to be preferred over instilling a sense of competition is that the latter serves to narrow a leader’s focus on thwarting the efforts of competitors.

　　------------------------------

　　47. "Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect--that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills."

　　社会对于理性还是重视不够，比如推理和认知的能力。

　　While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feelings, on balance I agree that it is by way of our heads rather than our hearts that we can best ensure the well-being of our society.

　　1. I concede that undue emphasis on cultivating the intellect at the expense of healthy emotions can harm and individual psychologically.

　　2. In many other respects, however, emphasizing emotions and de-emphasizing intellect can carry negative, even dangerous, consequences for any society.

　　3. The dangers of a de-emphasis on intellect are all too evident in contemporary America.

　　独立题目

　　------------------------------

　　58. "The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves."

　　现代生活越来越快的节奏弊多利少。

　　Agree

　　1. The rapid pace of life has resulted in health problems in unprecedented large numbers.

　　2. Although people today have more leisure time, they are not in a better position than their ancestors to enjoy themselves.

　　3. More unfortunately, people seem to have become addicted to the rapid pace of modern life.

　　利多弊少题型

　　------------------------------

　　61. "High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."

　　最高荣誉比如诺贝尔奖实际上是在损害社会，因为这种奖项在暗示只有少数人才配得上这样的荣誉。

　　The fact that only a few people deserve high-profile awards is insufficient evidence to suggest that such awards are damaging to society.

　　1. Undoubtedly, high-profile awards suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.

　　2. What is significant is that high-profile awards point out the right directions in which all individuals in particular fields should make efforts.

　　3. To make sure that high-profile awards serve the right purpose of society, it is imperative that the rules of the awards be fair and strictly adhered to.

　　少数和多数，精英和大众

　　-----------------------------

　　65. "People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups."

　　人们被社会鼓励而将注意力集中于显而易见的差异上，以至于人们已经无法看到各种理念、个人和群体之间的有意义的相似。

　　People in different cultural environments would respond differently to this statement.

　　1. On the one hand, western cultures tend to focus on differences among ideas, individuals and groups.

　　2. The danger of traditional societies, on the other hand, is to ignore differences forcing individuals and groups to conform to one authority.

　　3. A healthy attitude is to be sensitive to both differences and similarities.

　　统一和差异

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