GRE阅读题目解析:美国南方对制造业发展

　　Many scholars have argued that government investment in manufacturing in the southern United States during the Second World War spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period. But much of this investment went to specialized plants, many of them unsuitable for postwar production. Large-scale, wartime government funding led to a massive increase in the number and scale of munitions facilities. By the war’s end, 216 munitions establishment costing more than $3.5 billion had been built, many of them located in the south. Indeed, according to one estimate, more than 70 percent of federally financed manufacturing construction capital in Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee went into munitions plants.

　　Even in the northern regions with strong prewar manufacturing economics, these plants were difficult to deal with once the imperative of war had been removed. In the south few industrialists had the capacity or desire to transform these factories to a peacetime function. Accordingly, at war’s end almost all of the southern munitions facilities were shut down, placed on standby, operated at a very low capacity, or converted to nonmanufacturing functions, usually storage. Although some reopened a few years later for use during the Korean War, the impact of the special plants on the South’s postwar economy was marginal at best.

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　A. propose an alternative explanation

　　B. challenge a widely held position

　　C. contrast two views of a phenomenon

　　D. explain why a particular claim has been influential

　　E. evaluate evidence used to support a particular view

　　Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

　　2. According to the passage, some southern munitions plants built in the South during the Second World War were

　　A. later reopened and used once more as munitions plants

　　B. used for nonmanufacturing purposes after the war

　　C. originally envisioned as continuing to manufacture munitions at high capacity even after the war had ended

　　3. In the passage, the mention of “Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee” serves primarily to

　　A. suggest that some states were better than others at anticipating postwar economic needs

　　B. identify evidence used to support a view held by scholars mentioned at the beginning of the passage

　　C. suggest that federal investment in some kinds of manufacturing was excessive

　　D. identify the states that received the largest allocations of federal funds

　　E. provide information to support a point about the nature of government investment made earlier in the paragraph

　　1

　　Many scholars have argued that government investment in manufacturing in the southern United States during the Second World War spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period.

　　许多学者认为，二战期间美国政府在南方对制造业的投资，直到战后仍然刺激该地区经济高速发展。

　　2

　　But much of this investment went to specialized plants, many of them unsuitable for postwar production.

　　但这些投资多被用于特定的工厂，其中许多不适合战后的生产。

　　3

　　Large-scale, wartime government funding led to a massive increase in the number and scale of munitions facilities.

　　大规模的战时政府投资，导致了军需品在数量与规模方面的巨大增长。

　　4

　　By the war’s end, 216 munitions establishment costing more than $3.5 billion had been built, many of them located in the south.

　　战争结束前，已建成 216 家军需品企业，耗资 35 亿美元，其中很多位于南方。

　　5

　　Indeed, according to one estimate, more than 70 percent of federally financed manufacturing construction capital in Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee went into munitions plants.

　　实际上根据一项估算，在阿拉巴马，阿肯色，密西西比和田纳西，超过七成的联邦资助的生产建设资金流向了军需品厂。

　　6

　　Even in the northern regions with strong prewar manufacturing economics, these plants were difficult to deal with once the imperative of war had been removed.

　　即使是战前就拥有强大制造业经济的北方地区，没有了战争的急迫需求，也一时难以应对。

　　7

　　In the south few industrialists had the capacity or desire to transform these factories to a peacetime function.

　　南方没几个实业家有能力或意愿把这些工厂转型，为和平时期服务。

　　8

　　Accordingly, at war’s end almost all of the southern munitions facilities were shut down, placed on standby, operated at a very low capacity, or converted to nonmanufacturing functions, usually storage.

　　所以，战争结束时，南方几乎所有军需品设施都被关闭，安排待命，维持极低生产量，或转作非制造用途，通常是仓储。

　　9

　　Although some reopened a few years later for use during the Korean War, the impact of the special plants on the South’s postwar economy was marginal at best.

　　尽管几年后一些工厂重开，以应对朝鲜战争，但特种工厂对南方战后经济的影响最多也就是微不足道。

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　A. propose an alternative explanation

　　B. challenge a widely held position

　　C. contrast two views of a phenomenon

　　D. explain why a particular claim has been influential

　　E. evaluate evidence used to support a particular view

　　选 B

　　挑战一种主流观点，即句 1：

　　Many scholars have argued that government investment in manufacturing in the southern United States during the Second World War spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period.

　　其后的内容，都是作者反驳这种观点。

　　Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

　　2. According to the passage, some southern munitions plants built in the South during the Second World War were

　　A. later reopened and used once more as munitions plants

　　B. used for nonmanufacturing purposes after the war

　　C. originally envisioned as continuing to manufacture munitions at high capacity even after the war had ended

　　选 AB

　　A 正确，根据句 9 。

　　B 正确，根据句 8 。

　　C 强干扰项。对于二战中服役的南方兵工厂，文中出现了两种态度，作者认为它们对南方战后经济贡献不大，一种主流观点认为贡献很大 spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period，但贡献大不等于继续开工生产军需品，这种推测是没有根据的。

　　3. In the passage, the mention of “Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee” serves primarily to

　　A. suggest that some states were better than others at anticipating postwar economic needs

　　B. identify evidence used to support a view held by scholars mentioned at the beginning of the passage

　　C. suggest that federal investment in some kinds of manufacturing was excessive

　　D. identify the states that received the largest allocations of federal funds

　　E. provide information to support a point about the nature of government investment made earlier in the paragraph

　　选 E

　　句 5 是用来支撑句 4 的，所以选 E 。

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