GRE写作Argument具体性指令有哪些?

2017-07-27 09:03

来源：新东方在线

作者：

　　Q：Argument的具体性指令有哪些?

　　A：Argument的具体性指令主要有8种，分别是：

　　1. Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 这个具体指令中不需要写出前提，重点是分析有哪些具体的例证可以削弱和加强该结论。

　　2. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. 该具体指令要求重点分析前提条件，然后分析怎么削弱或加强这个前提条件。并且需要分析没有假设前提会导致什么结果。该指令出现以下若干变形：

　　3. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 该指令还是要求进行前提条件分析。但这里需要的是问问题，把前提条件变成问句即可。比如前提是“20年间该地区人口没有发生变化”，如果我们要来评价这个推理是否合适，可以提出这样一个问题：”20年间该地区人口是否一直没有发生变化呢?“

　　4. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the advice and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the advice. 该指令与3类似，只不过是recommendation换成了advice。

　　5. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 该指令与3类似，这里探讨的是建议是否能够达到预期的效果。

　　6. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction. 该指令与3类似，区别在于分析预测及其论证是否合理。

　　7. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation (s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument. 这个具体指令重点在于分析其他可能性，也就是有什么其他的可能导致该结果。如果在论证时可以找到其他原因，就可以削弱原来的推理过程。

　　8. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be addressed in order to decide whether the conclusion and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to the questions would help to evaluate the conclusion. 该指令还是问问题，不过关注的重点在结论，即要论证结论及其推理是否合理。

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