GRE阅读题目解析:肾上腺素如何调节脑功能

　　P5

　　How can the hormone adrenaline that does not act directly on the brain have a regulatory effect on brain function? Recently, we tested the possibility that one of the hormone's actions outside the brain might be responsible. Since one consequence of adrenaline release in an animal is an increase in blood glucose levels, we examined the effects of glucose on memory in rats. We found that glucose injected immediately after training enhances memory tested the next day. Additional evidence was provided by negative findings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists, which block peripheral adrenaline receptors, disrupted adrenaline's ability to regulate memory but did not affect memory enhancements produced by glucose that was not stimulated by adrenaline. These results are as they should be if adrenaline affects memory modulation by increasing blood glucose levels. (131 words)

　　10.The author refers to the results of the experiment using adrenergic antagonists as "negative findings" most likely because the adrenergic antagonists

　　(A) failed to disrupt adrenaline's effect on memory

　　(B) did not affect glucose's ability to enhance memory.

　　(C) did not block adrenaline's ability to increase blood glucose levels

　　(D) only partially affected adrenaline's ability to enhance memory

　　(E) disrupted both adrenaline's and glucose's effect on memory

　　P5

　　1

　　How can the hormone adrenaline that does not act directly on the brain have a regulatory effect on brain function?

　　肾上腺素这种，不直接作用于脑的激素，如何对脑功能发挥着调节作用?

　　2

　　Recently, we tested the possibility that one of the hormone's actions outside the brain might be responsible.

　　最近，通过我们的测试，也许是一种脑外的激素行为完成了这种调节。

　　3

　　Since one consequence of adrenaline release in an animal is an increase in blood glucose levels, we examined the effects of glucose on memory in rats.

　　既然动物释放肾上腺素的一个后果，是血糖水平上升，于是我们分析了血糖对鼠的记忆的影响。

　　4

　　We found that glucose injected immediately after training enhances memory tested the next day.

　　我们发现，训练后马上注射葡萄糖，鼠会在第二天的测试中表现出记忆力提高。

　　5

　　Additional evidence was provided by negative findings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists, which block peripheral adrenaline receptors, disrupted adrenaline's ability to regulate memory but did not affect memory enhancements produced by glucose that was not stimulated by adrenaline.

　　另外的证据来自一些否定的发现：给鼠注射肾上腺素拮抗剂，这种药可以阻断外围的肾上腺素受体，扰乱肾上腺素调节记忆的能力，却不影响非肾上腺素刺激的高血糖水平，对记忆力的提升。

　　6

　　These results are as they should be if adrenaline affects memory modulation by increasing blood glucose levels. (131 words)

　　如果肾上腺素是通过提高血糖水平来调节记忆力，那么这些实验结果就合理了。

　　10.The author refers to the results of the experiment using adrenergic antagonists as "negative findings" most likely because the adrenergic antagonists

　　(A) failed to disrupt adrenaline's effect on memory

　　(B) did not affect glucose's ability to enhance memory.

　　(C) did not block adrenaline's ability to increase blood glucose levels

　　(D) only partially affected adrenaline's ability to enhance memory

　　(E) disrupted both adrenaline's and glucose's effect on memory

　　选 B

　　细节题，回到句 5：

　　Additional evidence was provided by negative findings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists, which block peripheral adrenaline receptors, disrupted adrenaline's ability to regulate memory but did not affect memory enhancements produced by glucose that was not stimulated by adrenaline.

　　所谓 negative findings，negative 应理解为否定的，对应后文中的 but (this kind of drugs) did not affect enhancements，找准句子主干就不难。

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